Since 2022, 175 laws have been enacted across the US targeting the use of AI deepfake technology.
In 2025 alone, 146 bills were introduced to state legislators that included language specific to AI deepfakes.
The details of these anti-deepfake laws vary widely. Some impose criminal penalties for creating or distributing explicit deepfakes, others establish new civil causes of action, and many introduce disclosure requirements for AI-generated political content.
As lawmakers grapple with the rapid evolution of AI and synthetic media, there’s also increasing demand for professionals trained in cybersecurity and AI ethics programs. These fields equip individuals with the skills to understand AI risks, implement safeguards, and help organisations comply with emerging legislation.
As of June 2026, 47 states have enacted legislation directly targeting the use of AI-generated media:
- Alabama
- Arkansas
- Arizona
- California
- Colorado
- Connecticut
- Delaware
- Florida
- Georgia
- Hawaii
- Iowa
- Idaho
- Illinois
- Indiana
- Kansas
- Kentucky
- Louisiana
- Massachusetts
- Maryland
- Maine
- Michigan
- Minnesota
- Mississippi
- Montana
- North Carolina
- North Dakota
- Nebraska
- New Hampshire
- New Jersey
- New Mexico
- Nevada
- New York
- Oklahoma
- Oregon
- Pennsylvania
- Rhode Island
- South Carolina
- South Dakota
- Tennessee
- Texas
- Utah
- Virginia
- Vermont
- Washington
- Wisconsin
- West Virginia
- Wyoming
Below is a full list of states where deepfake bills have been signed into law:
| State | Bill number | Date enacted | Sponsor party | Description |
| AL | HB172 | 05/16/2024 | Bipartisan | Political synthetic media and election integrity |
| AL | HB161 | 04/24/2024 | Republican | Non-consensual synthetic intimate content |
| AL | HB168 | 04/24/2024 | Republican | Synthetic media involving minors |
| AR | HB1877 | 04/22/2025 | Bipartisan | Synthetic media involving minors |
| AR | HB1529 | 04/17/2025 | Bipartisan | Non-consensual synthetic intimate content |
| AR | HB1071 | 02/26/2025 | Republican | Likeness, impersonation, and creative rights |
| AZ | SB1295 | 05/13/2025 | Republican | Consumer protection and synthetic media misuse |
| AZ | HB2678 | 05/12/2025 | Republican | Synthetic media involving minors |
| AZ | SB1462 | 05/02/2025 | Republican | Non-consensual synthetic intimate content |
| AZ | SB1359 | 05/29/2024 | Republican | Political synthetic media and election integrity |
| AZ | HB2394 | 05/21/2024 | Republican | Political synthetic media and election integrity; non-consensual synthetic intimate content |
| CA | AB853 | 10/13/2025 | Democratic | Platform responsibilities and transparency rules |
| CA | AB621 | 10/13/2025 | Bipartisan | Non-consensual synthetic intimate content; synthetic media involving minors; platform responsibilities |
| CA | SB683 | 10/10/2025 | Democratic | Likeness, impersonation, and creative rights |
| CA | AB1831 | 09/29/2024 | Bipartisan | Synthetic media involving minors; non-consensual synthetic intimate content |
| CA | SB1381 | 09/29/2024 | Bipartisan | Synthetic media involving minors |
| CA | SB896 | 09/29/2024 | Bipartisan | Study of synthetic media impacts |
| CA | SB1414 | 09/26/2024 | Bipartisan | Non-consensual synthetic intimate content |
| CA | AB1874 | 09/25/2024 | Republican | Non-consensual synthetic intimate content |
| CA | AB1962 | 09/22/2024 | Democratic | Non-consensual synthetic intimate content |
| CA | SB981 | 09/19/2024 | Bipartisan | Non-consensual synthetic intimate content; platform responsibilities |
| CA | SB942 | 09/19/2024 | Democratic | Platform responsibilities and transparency rules |
| CA | SB926 | 09/19/2024 | Bipartisan | Non-consensual synthetic intimate content |
| CA | AB2602 | 09/17/2024 | Democratic | Likeness, impersonation, and creative rights |
| CA | AB1836 | 09/17/2024 | Democratic | Likeness, impersonation, and creative rights |
| CA | AB2355 | 09/17/2024 | Democratic | Political synthetic media and election integrity |
| CA | AB2839 | 09/17/2024 | Democratic | Political synthetic media and election integrity |
| CA | AB2655 | 09/17/2024 | Democratic | Political synthetic media and election integrity; platform responsibilities |
| CA | SB1216 | 09/30/2022 | Democratic | Study of synthetic media impacts |
| CA | AB972 | 09/29/2022 | Democratic | Political synthetic media and election integrity |
| CO | SB288 | 06/02/2025 | Bipartisan | Non-consensual synthetic intimate content; synthetic media involving minors |
| CO | SB011 | 06/05/2024 | Bipartisan | Non-consensual synthetic intimate content; platform responsibilities |
| CO | HB1147 | 05/24/2024 | Democratic | Political synthetic media and election integrity |
| CT | HB07287 | 06/30/2025 | Democratic | Non-consensual synthetic intimate content |
| DE | HB353 | 10/09/2024 | Bipartisan | Synthetic media involving minors; non-consensual synthetic intimate content |
| DE | HB316 | 10/09/2024 | Bipartisan | Political synthetic media and election integrity |
| FL | H1161 | 06/11/2025 | Bipartisan | Non-consensual synthetic intimate content; platform responsibilities |
| FL | H0757 | 05/28/2025 | Republican | Synthetic media involving minors; non-consensual synthetic intimate content |
| FL | S1680 | 04/29/2024 | Republican | Synthetic media involving minors; study of harms |
| FL | H0919 | 04/29/2024 | Bipartisan | Political synthetic media and election integrity |
| FL | S1798 | 03/08/2022 | Democratic | Synthetic media involving minors; non-consensual synthetic intimate content |
| GA | HB993 | 04/24/2024 | Republican | Synthetic media involving minors |
| GA | SB351 | 04/23/2024 | Republican | Synthetic media involving minors; public education and digital safety |
| HI | HR85 | 04/07/2026 | Bipartisan | Synthetic media involving minors |
| HI | SB2687 | 07/05/2024 | Democratic | Political synthetic media and election integrity |
| HI | SR81 | 03/25/2024 | Democratic | Likeness, impersonation, and creative rights; resolution |
| IA | SF2243 | 04/30/2024 | Other | Synthetic media involving minors |
| IA | HF2240 | 04/19/2024 | Other | Non-consensual synthetic intimate content |
| ID | H0465 | 03/26/2024 | Bipartisan | Synthetic media involving minors |
| ID | H0664 | 03/25/2024 | Democratic | Political synthetic media and election integrity |
| ID | H0575 | 03/20/2024 | Republican | Non-consensual synthetic intimate content |
| IL | HB3178 | 08/15/2025 | Democratic | Likeness, impersonation, and creative rights |
| IL | HB3851 | 08/15/2025 | Bipartisan | Public education and digital safety |
| IL | SB2655 | 01/23/2025 | Democratic | Synthetic media involving minors |
| IL | HB4875 | 08/09/2024 | Bipartisan | Likeness, impersonation, and creative rights |
| IL | HB4762 | 08/09/2024 | Bipartisan | Likeness, impersonation, and creative rights |
| IL | HB4623 | 08/09/2024 | Bipartisan | Synthetic media involving minors |
| IL | SB0382 | 12/08/2023 | Democratic | Non-consensual synthetic intimate content; private legal remedies |
| IL | HB2123 | 07/28/2023 | Bipartisan | Non-consensual synthetic intimate content; private legal remedies |
| IN | HB1047 | 03/12/2024 | Bipartisan | Synthetic media involving minors; non-consensual synthetic intimate content |
| IN | HB1133 | 03/12/2024 | Bipartisan | Political synthetic media and election integrity |
| IN | HB1363 | 03/18/2022 | Bipartisan | Synthetic media involving minors |
| KS | SB186 | 04/11/2025 | Other | Synthetic media involving minors; non-consensual synthetic intimate content |
| KS | HB2183 | 02/06/2026 | Other | Synthetic media involving minors |
| KY | SB4 | 03/24/2025 | Republican | Political synthetic media and election integrity |
| KY | HB207 | 03/28/2024 | Bipartisan | Synthetic media involving minors |
| LA | HB178 | 06/11/2025 | Republican | Digital evidence authenticity standards |
| LA | SB6 | 05/22/2024 | Republican | Non-consensual synthetic intimate content |
| LA | SB175 | 06/28/2023 | Bipartisan | Synthetic media involving minors; satire/parody protection |
| LA | SB426 | 06/15/2022 | Bipartisan | Likeness, impersonation, and creative rights |
| MA | H5100 | 11/25/2024 | Other | Political synthetic media and election integrity |
| MA | H4744 | 06/20/2024 | Bipartisan | Non-consensual synthetic intimate content; public education and digital safety |
| MD | SB8 | 05/12/2026 | Bipartisan | AI and deepfake representation |
| MD | SB141 | 05/12/2026 | Democratic | Election misinformation and deepfakes |
| MD | HB376 | 05/20/2025 | Other | Study of synthetic media impacts |
| MD | SB294 | 05/20/2025 | Bipartisan | Study of synthetic media impacts |
| MD | SB360 | 04/22/2025 | Democratic | Non-consensual synthetic intimate content |
| MD | SB226 | 05/16/2023 | Republican | Synthetic media involving minors |
| ME | LD1944 | 06/20/2025 | Democratic | Non-consensual synthetic intimate content |
| MI | HB4047 | 08/26/2025 | Bipartisan | Non-consensual synthetic intimate content |
| MI | HB4048 | 08/26/2025 | Bipartisan | Non-consensual synthetic intimate content |
| MI | HB5144 | 02/22/2024 | Bipartisan | Political synthetic media and election integrity |
| MI | HB5141 | 12/31/2023 | Bipartisan | Political synthetic media and election integrity |
| MN | HF2432 | 05/23/2025 | Bipartisan | Synthetic media involving minors |
| MN | HF4024 | 05/24/2024 | Democratic | Non-consensual synthetic intimate content |
| MN | HF4772 | 05/17/2024 | Democratic | Political synthetic media and election integrity |
| MN | HF1370 | 05/26/2023 | Democratic | Political synthetic media and election integrity; non-consensual synthetic intimate content |
| MS | HB1126 | 04/30/2024 | Bipartisan | Synthetic media involving minors |
| MS | SB2577 | 04/30/2024 | Republican | Political synthetic media and election integrity |
| MT | HB513 | 05/19/2025 | Democratic | Likeness, impersonation, and creative rights; platform responsibilities |
| MT | HB514 | 05/19/2025 | Democratic | Non-consensual synthetic intimate content |
| MT | SB413 | 05/16/2025 | Democratic | Synthetic media involving minors; non-consensual synthetic intimate content |
| MT | SB25 | 05/13/2025 | Democratic | Political synthetic media and election integrity |
| MT | SB212 | 04/17/2025 | Republican | Platform responsibilities |
| MT | HB82 | 04/07/2025 | Republican | Synthetic media involving minors |
| NC | H591 | 07/08/2024 | Bipartisan | Synthetic media involving minors; non-consensual synthetic intimate content |
| ND | HB1386 | 05/16/2025 | Bipartisan | Synthetic media involving minors |
| ND | HB1410 | 05/16/2025 | Bipartisan | Synthetic media involving minors; study directive |
| ND | HB1167 | 05/16/2025 | Bipartisan | Political synthetic media and election integrity |
| ND | HB1351 | 05/16/2025 | Bipartisan | Non-consensual synthetic intimate content |
| NE | LB383 | 06/06/2025 | Other | Synthetic media involving minors |
| NE | LB371 | 06/02/2025 | Other | Non-consensual synthetic intimate content |
| NH | SB300 | 07/22/2025 | Bipartisan | Synthetic media involving minors |
| NH | HB1596 | 08/06/2024 | Bipartisan | Political synthetic media and election integrity |
| NH | HB1432 | 07/26/2024 | Republican | Consumer protection and synthetic media misuse |
| NH | HB1319 | 07/22/2024 | Bipartisan | Non-consensual synthetic intimate content |
| NH | HB1688 | 07/22/2024 | Bipartisan | Consumer protection and synthetic media misuse |
| NH | SB564 | 06/03/2024 | Bipartisan | Synthetic media involving minors |
| NJ | A3540 | 04/02/2025 | Bipartisan | Political synthetic media and election integrity; non-consensual synthetic intimate content; synthetic media involving minors; consumer protection |
| NJ | AR141 | 06/28/2024 | Democratic | Resolution on synthetic media and harmful content |
| NM | HB182 | 03/05/2024 | Democratic | Political synthetic media and election integrity |
| NV | AB4 | 12/01/2025 | Other | Synthetic media involving minors |
| NV | SB263 | 06/06/2025 | Bipartisan | Synthetic media involving minors |
| NV | SB213 | 06/06/2025 | Republican | Non-consensual synthetic intimate content |
| NV | AB73 | 06/03/2025 | Other | Political synthetic media and election integrity |
| NY | A02249 | 02/14/2025 | Democratic | Likeness, impersonation, and creative rights |
| NY | S09832 | 12/21/2024 | Democratic | Likeness, impersonation, and creative rights |
| NY | S07676 | 12/13/2024 | Democratic | Likeness, impersonation, and creative rights |
| NY | S09678 | 06/28/2024 | Democratic | Political synthetic media and election integrity |
| NY | A08808 | 04/20/2024 | Other | Political synthetic media and election integrity; non-consensual synthetic intimate content |
| NY | S01042 | 09/29/2023 | Bipartisan | Non-consensual synthetic intimate content |
| OK | HB1364 | 05/05/2025 | Republican | Non-consensual synthetic intimate content |
| OK | HB3642 | 04/23/2024 | Bipartisan | Synthetic media involving minors |
| OR | HB2299 | 06/11/2025 | Bipartisan | Non-consensual synthetic intimate content |
| OR | SB1571 | 03/28/2024 | Bipartisan | Political synthetic media and election integrity |
| PA | SB649 | 07/07/2025 | Bipartisan | Consumer protection and synthetic media misuse |
| PA | SB1213 | 10/29/2024 | Bipartisan | Synthetic media involving minors; non-consensual synthetic intimate content |
| RI | H5872 | 07/02/2025 | Democratic | Political synthetic media and election integrity |
| RI | S0136 | 07/02/2025 | Bipartisan | Non-consensual synthetic intimate content |
| RI | H5046 | 07/02/2025 | Democratic | Non-consensual synthetic intimate content |
| RI | S0816 | 07/02/2025 | Democratic | Political synthetic media and election integrity |
| SC | S0029 | 05/27/2025 | Bipartisan | Synthetic media involving minors |
| SC | S0028 | 05/27/2025 | Bipartisan | Synthetic media involving minors |
| SC | H3058 | 05/19/2025 | Bipartisan | Non-consensual synthetic intimate content |
| SD | SB164 | 03/31/2025 | Bipartisan | Political synthetic media and election integrity |
| SD | SB79 | 02/13/2024 | Bipartisan | Synthetic media involving minors |
| SD | SB120 | 03/28/2022 | Bipartisan | Synthetic media involving minors; non-consensual synthetic intimate content |
| TN | HB1513 | 03/30/2026 | Bipartisan | Transparency for deepfakes in political advertising |
| TN | SB1624 | 03/30/2026 | Bipartisan | Transparency for deepfakes in political advertising |
| TN | HB1299 | 05/15/2025 | Bipartisan | Non-consensual synthetic intimate content; likeness rights |
| TN | SB1346 | 05/15/2025 | Bipartisan | Non-consensual synthetic intimate content; likeness rights |
| TN | SB0741 | 04/29/2025 | Republican | Synthetic media involving minors; platform responsibilities |
| TN | HB0769 | 04/29/2025 | Bipartisan | Synthetic media involving minors; platform responsibilities |
| TN | HB2163 | 05/13/2024 | Bipartisan | Synthetic media involving minors |
| TN | SB2668 | 05/13/2024 | Republican | Synthetic media involving minors |
| TN | SB2096 | 03/26/2024 | Bipartisan | Likeness, impersonation, and creative rights |
| TN | HB2091 | 03/26/2024 | Bipartisan | Likeness, impersonation, and creative rights |
| TX | HB149 | 06/22/2025 | Bipartisan | Synthetic media involving minors; non-consensual synthetic intimate content; platform responsibilities |
| TX | HB581 | 06/20/2025 | Bipartisan | Non-consensual synthetic intimate content; platform responsibilities |
| TX | SB441 | 06/20/2025 | Bipartisan | Non-consensual synthetic intimate content; platform responsibilities |
| TX | HB3133 | 06/20/2025 | Bipartisan | Non-consensual synthetic intimate content; platform responsibilities |
| TX | SB20 | 06/20/2025 | Bipartisan | Synthetic media involving minors |
| TX | SB1621 | 06/20/2025 | Bipartisan | Synthetic media involving minors |
| TX | SB2373 | 06/20/2025 | Bipartisan | Consumer protection and synthetic media misuse |
| TX | HB2700 | 06/12/2023 | Bipartisan | Synthetic media involving minors |
| TX | SB1361 | 06/02/2023 | Republican | Non-consensual synthetic intimate content |
| UT | SB0271 | 03/27/2025 | Republican | Likeness, impersonation, and creative rights |
| UT | HB0013 | 02/27/2025 | Bipartisan | Synthetic media involving minors; non-consensual synthetic intimate content |
| UT | SB0131 | 03/13/2024 | Republican | Political synthetic media and election integrity |
| UT | SB0066 | 03/13/2024 | Bipartisan | Non-consensual synthetic intimate content |
| UT | HB0238 | 03/13/2024 | Republican | Synthetic media involving minors |
| UT | HB0148 | 03/13/2024 | Republican | Synthetic media involving minors; non-consensual synthetic intimate content |
| UT | HCR003 | 02/28/2024 | Republican | Resolution on synthetic media involving minors |
| VA | SB1053 | 03/24/2025 | Democratic | Consumer protection and synthetic media misuse; study directive |
| VA | HB2124 | 03/24/2025 | Democratic | Consumer protection and synthetic media misuse; study directive |
| VA | SB731 | 03/28/2024 | Bipartisan | Synthetic media involving minors |
| VT | H0878 | 05/10/2024 | Other | Non-consensual synthetic intimate content |
| WA | HB1205 | 04/16/2025 | Democratic | Synthetic impersonation; consumer protection |
| WA | SB5838 | 03/18/2024 | Bipartisan | Study of synthetic media impacts |
| WA | HB1999 | 03/14/2024 | Bipartisan | Synthetic media involving minors; non-consensual synthetic intimate content |
| WA | SB5152 | 05/09/2023 | Democratic | Political synthetic media and election integrity |
| WI | SB33 | 11/04/2025 | Bipartisan | Non-consensual synthetic intimate content |
| WI | SB314 | 03/28/2024 | Bipartisan | Synthetic media involving minors |
| WI | AB664 | 03/21/2024 | Bipartisan | Political synthetic media and election integrity |
| WV | SB198 | 04/24/2025 | Republican | Synthetic media involving minors; non-consensual synthetic intimate content |
| WY | HB0102 | 07/03/2026 | Bipartisan | Synthetic media involving minors |
What’s Inside Each Deepfake Law
Alabama
Alabama enacted three major measures in 2024 addressing emerging synthetic-media harms. House Bill 172 targets deceptive political synthetic media, creating new election-integrity protections during campaign periods. House Bill 161 establishes criminal penalties for distributing non-consensual synthetic intimate content, clarifying that digitally generated depictions fall within existing privacy-harm frameworks. House Bill 168 further extends liability to synthetic media involving minors. Collectively, these laws modernize Alabama’s criminal and election statutes to cover scenarios where AI-generated content closely mimics real individuals.
Arkansas
Arkansas has enacted multiple measures addressing deepfakes, including a law that expands criminal liability to cover AI-generated imagery indistinguishable from real minors (HB1877). The state also created penalties for distributing synthetic intimate content (HB1529) and strengthened rights over commercial use of a person’s likeness (HB1071). Collectively, these laws are less about new legislation and more about modernizing older statutes to cover digital manipulation and synthetic imagery.
Arizona
In Arizona, several bills targeting the misuse of synthetic media have been passed, including Senate Bill 1295, which imposes penalties for fraudulent AI-generated voice recordings. The state broadened definitions related to synthetic imagery involving minors (HB2678) and created new criminal liability for certain AI-generated intimate content (SB1462). These changes update Arizona’s criminal code to account for image-generation tools that did not exist when earlier statutes were written. Lawmakers described the measures as necessary to close emerging loopholes in digital-media enforcement.
California
A series of measures regulating synthetic media has been rolled out in California, including new transparency and watermarking standards under the California AI Transparency Act (AB853). The state has also expanded legal remedies for synthetic intimate imagery (AB621) and reinforced likeness and publicity rights through Senate Bill 683. The resulting framework is among the nation’s more comprehensive attempts to regulate deepfakes.
Colorado
Colorado has introduced laws addressing both criminal and civil responses to harmful synthetic media. One measure creates avenues for individual legal action and strengthens penalties related to synthetic imagery involving minors and intimate content (SB288). Legislators emphasized that digital manipulation has made it harder for victims to seek recourse, prompting the need for expanded enforcement tools. The law also updates existing language on the books so courts can more readily apply traditional standards to synthetic content.
Connecticut
New criminal provisions related to synthetic intimate imagery have been implemented in Connecticut as part of broader budget legislation (HB07287). According to Imagine Pro, most of the successful AI legislation was included in the state’s budget bill, with the synthetic-media language showing that they’re not treating digital manipulation as a niche issue.
Delaware
Delaware recently adopted two laws that significantly expand protections against harmful synthetic media. House Bill 353 broadens state criminal statutes to include synthetic media involving minors and non-consensual synthetic intimate content. House Bill 316 focuses on election integrity by regulating political synthetic media and requiring disclosures or remedies when manipulated content is used to mislead voters. Legislators emphasized the need for these measures as synthetic content becomes easier to distribute at scale.
Florida
Florida has enacted laws strengthening civil remedies and platform obligations surrounding synthetic intimate content (H1161). The state also expanded criminal penalties and individual rights of action for distributing or creating harmful synthetic imagery (H0757). Legislative debates in Florida framed the measures as urgent due to rising reports of AI-generated impersonation happening in the state (and worldwide). Supporters argued that the new laws give victims clearer pathways to address misuse on social platforms, which is currently treated as a terms of service violation on each platform. Detractors warned that the laws could encourage platforms to over-remove content to avoid liability.
Georgia
Georgia passed two measures addressing synthetic media, with a strong emphasis on protecting minors. House Bill 993 establishes penalties related to AI-generated or manipulated depictions of minors. Senate Bill 351 expands on this by incorporating synthetic-media risks into public-education and digital-safety frameworks, signaling that the state views youth protection and digital literacy as core components of its AI policy. Together, these laws reinforce Georgia’s attempt to bring child-safety statutes up to date with current generative-media capabilities.
Hawaii
Hawaii enacted Senate Bill 2687 to regulate political synthetic media, introducing new election-integrity measures around AI-generated content and deceptive campaign materials. Additionally, Senate Resolution 81 encourages the study and protection of likeness and creative rights in the context of synthetic media. While SR81 is non-binding, it signals the state’s interest in long-term policy development around AI-generated digital replicas.
Iowa
Iowa addressed child safety through recent laws targeting synthetic media. Senate File 2243 adds criminal penalties for synthetic media involving minors, updating definitions to ensure AI-generated depictions are treated equivalently to traditional forms of exploitation. House File 2240 creates penalties for distributing non-consensual synthetic intimate content, closing gaps in earlier privacy and harassment statutes.
Idaho
In Idaho, the legislature passed multiple laws in 2024 to address synthetic-media misuse. Under House Bill 664, synthetic audio or video used in “electioneering communications” must be clearly disclosed, and deceptive use of AI-generated media in campaign ads can be challenged via injunctive relief or civil damages.
Additionally, House Bill 575 criminalises the distribution or threatened distribution of “explicit synthetic media”. These laws aim to protect individuals from non-consensual AI-generated intimate imagery and to preserve election integrity.
Illinois
Illinois has enhanced protections over likeness and creative rights through House Bill 3178, targeting unauthorized AI-generated replicas. Another measure addresses digital conduct in schools, including issues related to synthetic communications (HB3851). Although the two laws operate in different domains, both are designed to reduce the likelihood of content manipulating someone’s identity and authenticity.
Indiana
Indiana strengthened its legal framework across several domains, including synthetic media involving minors (HB1047) and political synthetic media (HB1133). In 2022, the state introduced House Bill 1363, which updated child-related statutes to include synthetic imagery, making Indiana one of the first states to acknowledge AI-generated harms.
Kansas
Kansas’s deepfake laws added criminal definitions involving synthetic media, including synthetic imagery involving minors and manipulated depictions of identifiable individuals (SB186). The bill criminalizes the possession, creation, and distribution of said material. Lawmakers updated older language to account for computer-generated material that may resemble a real person even when no actual individual was harmed. In 2026, House Bill 2183 was passed, modifying elements within existing laws to certain generated content.
Kentucky
In Kentucky, new safeguards for political synthetic media have been launched, including restrictions during election periods and enhanced rights for individuals harmed by deceptive AI-generated content (SB4). Legislators noted that the bill “attempts to address concerns over AI‑generated misinformation in political campaigns and elections”. According to supporters, this law will strike a balance between political speech and preventing deceptive manipulation.
Louisiana
Louisiana has implemented several updates to civil procedure that include provisions tied to the authenticity of digital and synthetic evidence (HB178). Courts increasingly face questions about the reliable authentication of altered or generated media, and the bill aims to provide clearer standards. Local legislators have framed this freshening up of the law as essential for maintaining evidentiary integrity in a world where several generative AI tools exist.
Massachusetts
Massachusetts enacted two key laws in 2024 reflecting concern over both election integrity and digital harassment. House Bill 5100 introduced rules governing political synthetic media, setting standards for deceptive AI-generated campaign material. House Bill 4744 expands protections against non-consensual synthetic intimate content and includes digital-safety provisions aimed at curbing abusive online manipulation. These measures are part of the state’s broader effort to address digital harms within its civil and criminal frameworks.
Maryland
Maryland has created new directives for studying synthetic-media risks through measures such as Senate Bill 294 and House Bill 376. Another law expands definitions and remedies surrounding synthetic intimate imagery (SB360). Lawmakers emphasized the need for ongoing analysis as synthetic-media capabilities rapidly evolve.
Maine
In Maine, criminal penalties have been established for the dissemination of certain synthetic intimate imagery, including unauthorized or manipulated private depictions (LD1944). Discussions around the bill focused heavily on impacts on youth and victims of digital harassment. Lawmakers behind the bill argued the measure provides needed clarity for law enforcement dealing with AI-assisted misconduct.
Michigan
Michigan has enacted both civil and criminal measures addressing synthetic intimate imagery, including new sentencing guidelines (HB4048) and a cause of action for falsely depicted conduct (HB4047). Legislators described the bills as necessary to ensure people have legal recourse when altered media falsely portrays them. Both measures passed with bipartisan support.
Minnesota
Minnesota has introduced criminal penalties for synthetic media involving minors as part of a broader public-safety and judiciary bill (HF2432). The provision updates language that previously did not account for generated or composite imagery.
Mississippi
Mississippi’s measures primarily target political deception and child protection. House Bill 1126 strengthens penalties related to synthetic media involving minors, ensuring AI-generated depictions fall under child-exploitation laws. Senate Bill 2577 focuses on political synthetic media, adding election-integrity requirements and penalties for deceptive digital manipulation. Lawmakers stated that the bills aim to prevent both voter fraud and digital harm to minors.
Montana
Montana has enacted several laws involving synthetic media, including restrictions on distributing certain synthetic intimate imagery in House Bill 514 and requirements around the use of likeness and creative works in House Bill 513. Additional measures address political synthetic media (SB25), platform obligations (SB212), and synthetic content involving minors (HB82). Collectively, these laws are currently some of the most wide-ranging state efforts to address AI-created synthetic media from multiple policy angles.
North Carolina
North Carolina enacted House Bill 591, which combines protections for minors with remedies for non-consensual synthetic intimate content. The law updates the state’s criminal code so that synthetic or manipulated depictions carry penalties consistent with existing real-world exploitation and harassment standards. It has been emphasized that AI-generated content should not be treated as a loophole in child-protection and privacy laws.
North Dakota
Multiple laws aimed at regulating deepfakes have been adopted in North Dakota, including disclosure requirements for political synthetic content (HB1167). Additional measures address synthetic media involving minors (HB1386) and unauthorized synthetic intimate imagery (HB1351). Lawmakers said the updates were needed as the state was experiencing increasing reports of AI-altered impersonation.
Nebraska
Nebraska has toughened criminal prohibitions involving synthetic media related to minors (LB383) and created civil remedies for unauthorized synthetic intimate content (LB371). These initiatives were positioned as closing gaps in older statutes that pre-dated consumer-level AI tools. Legislators noted widespread agreement in the state (and nationally) that synthetic impersonation is becoming an urgent enforcement challenge.
New Hampshire
New Hampshire has created new criminal penalties for synthetic media involving minors (SB300). Supporters argued the bill modernizes outdated definitions to ensure digital composites are treated consistently with real-world material. However, detractors note that there’s still plenty of uncertainty on how to balance emerging technologies with longstanding child-protection frameworks.
New Jersey
New Jersey has enacted a wide-ranging law addressing deceptive synthetic audio and video, including political, intimate, and minor-related content (A3540). The bill drew attention for its breadth, covering multiple categories of synthetic manipulation within a single measure.
Nevada
Nevada has expanded criminal penalties for synthetic media involving minors in Senate Bill 263 and created liability for distributing synthetic intimate imagery in Senate Bill 213. The state also enacted disclosure rules for political synthetic media (AB73). The bills are Nevada’s attempt to update its criminal and electoral codes simultaneously. Lawmakers noted that the measures were largely in response to growing concerns around deceptive media in campaigns.
New Mexico
In New Mexico, the state passed House Bill 182, which requires that any “materially deceptive” campaign ad produced partly or wholly with AI must carry a clear disclaimer: “This [image/video/audio] has been manipulated or generated by artificial intelligence”. The law does not ban AI use, but it imposes misdemeanor (first offence) and felony (repeat offence) penalties for failing to include the required disclaimer, particularly when the synthetic media is used to influence voters or misrepresent reality.
New York
Protections for individuals whose likeness or creative work is used through synthetic media have been enhanced in New York, adding new civil remedies and registration requirements (A02249). The bill was heavily shaped by input from entertainment-industry advocates concerned about AI replication of performers. The 2025 law positions New York as one of the more aggressive states when it comes to the modernization of publicity rights.
Oklahoma
Oklahoma has strengthened criminal penalties for certain forms of synthetic intimate content through House Bill 1364. Lawmakers sought to clarify ambiguities in earlier statutes that did not anticipate high-fidelity AI-generated content. Debate on the law focused on how best to deter misuse without overreaching into protected expression.
Oregon
Oregon has introduced criminal penalties for the unlawful dissemination of synthetic intimate imagery (HB2299). During the committee debate, supporters highlighted rapidly growing cases of manipulated private images circulating online.
Pennsylvania
Pennsylvania has criminalized digital forgery involving synthetic media and introduced protections against deceptive audio and visual manipulation (SB649). Lawmakers described the measure as part of a broader effort to modernize fraud statutes with current AI tools.
Rhode Island
Rhode Island has enacted criminal penalties for distributing synthetic intimate imagery (H5046; S0136) and created rules governing political synthetic media, including disclosure standards (H5872; S0816). The bills were prompted by concerns that manipulated media could influence elections or be used for targeted harassment (though no notable examples of these situations occurred in the state to date).
South Carolina
South Carolina has strengthened criminal penalties for synthetic media involving minors (S0029; S0028). Additional legislation focuses solely on synthetic intimate imagery through H3058. Debate in the legislature focused on the increasing ease with which minors can be targeted through digital manipulation.
South Dakota
South Dakota has enacted rules restricting deceptive political synthetic media, including pre-election limits and civil and criminal remedies in Senate Bill 164. Lawmakers expressed concern that misleading synthetic videos could spread rapidly during election cycles.
Tennessee
Tennessee has expanded protections around synthetic media, including criminal and civil remedies for unauthorized intimate depictions (HB1299; SB1346). Other measures address synthetic media involving minors and establish platform-related obligations (SB0741; HB0769).
Vermont
Vermont passed House Bill 878 to expand protections against non-consensual synthetic intimate content. The measure clarifies that deceptive or AI-generated intimate depictions are treated comparably to traditional non-consensual imagery. This ensures victims have legal recourse even when no original photograph existed. Lawmakers noted that the bill responds to growing concerns about AI-enabled harassment across social platforms.